php - Creating relations using Laravel model factories -

i trying create user using model factories having error relationships. in user model, have created belongsto relationship levels model joblevel. in modelfactory.php have following code.

    use app\user; use app\joblevel;  $factory->define(joblevel::class, function (faker\generator $faker) {     return [         'name' => $faker->word,         'rank' => $faker->randomdigit,     ]; });  $factory->define(user::class, function (faker\generator $faker) {     return [         'firstname' => $faker->name,         'middlename' => $faker->name,         'lastname' => $faker->name,         'email' => $faker->email,         'job_level_id' => factory(joblevel::class)->create()->id,         'password' => bcrypt(str_random(10)),         'remember_token' => str_random(10),     ]; }); 

then in test class use factory follows.

   /** @test */         public function login_a_user()         {             $user = factory(user::class)->create();              ...         } 

when run phpunit following error

    illuminate\database\queryexception: sqlstate[23000]: integrity       constraint violation: 1452 cannot add or update child row: foreign key       constraint fails (`testing_db`.`user`, constraint `fk_user_job_level1`   foreign key (`job_level_id`) references `job_level` (`id`) on delete no   action on update no action) (sql: insert `user` (`updated_at`,   `created_at`) values (2016-11-08 12:01:14, 2016-11-08 12:01:14)) 

could you, testing purposes try this?

$factory->define(user::class, function (faker\generator $faker) {     return [         'firstname' => $faker->name,         'middlename' => $faker->name,         'lastname' => $faker->name,         'email' => $faker->email,         'job_level_id' => 1,         'password' => bcrypt(str_random(10)),         'remember_token' => str_random(10),     ]; });  public function login_a_user()     {         $job = factory(joblevel::class)->create();         $user = factory(user::class)->create();          ...     } 

i not sure can embed factories.